A fluorescent lamp combines electroluminescence with which other process to produce light?

A fluorescent lamp primarily produces light through a combination of electroluminescence and phosphorescence. In this process, electricity excites mercury vapor in the lamp, producing ultraviolet (UV) light. This UV light then interacts with a phosphor coating on the inside of the lamp, which absorbs the UV light and re-emits it as visible light—a phenomenon known as phosphorescence.

Phosphorescence refers to the process whereby a material absorbs energy and re-emits it over a longer period. In the case of fluorescent lamps, while electroluminescence is the initial excitation process, phosphorescence is essential for converting that energy into visible light.

The other processes mentioned (refraction, conduction, and reflection) do not directly relate to the primary mechanism of light production in fluorescent lamps. Refraction involves the bending of light as it passes through different media, conduction relates to the transfer of heat or electricity through materials, and reflection is the bouncing back of light when it hits a surface. These are separate physical phenomena and do not play a significant role in the light generation process of fluorescent lamps like phosphorescence does.