Electrical current is the flow of what?

Electrical current is defined as the flow of electrons through a conductor, such as a wire. In an electrical circuit, electrons move from the negative terminal to the positive terminal, creating a flow of electric charge. This movement is essential for the operation of electrical devices and systems.

Electrons are negatively charged particles found in atoms, and when they move through a material, they create an electric current. The ability to manipulate and direct the flow of electrons is foundational in electrical engineering and electrical work, which is why a thorough understanding of this concept is crucial for apprentices in the IBEW.

While protons also carry charge, they are not involved in the current flow under normal circuit conditions because they are located within the atomic nucleus and do not move freely in conductors. Neutrons, being neutral particles, do not participate in electrical charge movement at all. Ions, which are charged particles that can be either positively or negatively charged, may conduct electricity in certain situations, particularly in electrolytes; however, in the context of conventional electric circuits, it is the flow of electrons that constitutes current.