Which particle has a negative charge and rotates around the nucleus of the atom?

The particle that has a negative charge and rotates around the nucleus of the atom is the electron. In the atomic structure, electrons are subatomic particles that possess a fundamental negative electric charge, which is approximately -1.6 x 10^-19 coulombs.

Electrons occupy various energy levels or shells around the nucleus, which contains protons and neutrons. They are attracted to the positively charged protons in the nucleus due to electromagnetic forces, leading to their arrangement in orbitals around the nucleus. This behavior is fundamental to the understanding of atomic theory and the formation of chemical bonds.

In contrast, protons carry a positive charge and are found within the nucleus, neutrons are neutral particles also located in the nucleus, and quarks are elementary particles that make up protons and neutrons but do not exist freely in nature under normal conditions. Thus, the role of the electron as a negatively charged particle in the atomic structure is crucial for the understanding of chemical reactions, electricity, and many other concepts in physics and chemistry.